Acids, bases, alkalis and neutralisation
(a) the formulae of the common acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 and CH3COOH) and the common alkalis (NaOH, KOH and NH3) and explanation that acids release H+ ions in aqueous solution and alkalis release OH– ions in aqueous solution
(b) qualitative explanation of strong and weak acids in terms of relative dissociations
(c) neutralisation as the reaction of:
(i) H+ and OH– to form H2O
(ii) acids with bases, including carbonates, metal oxides and alkalis (water-soluble bases), to form salts, including full equations
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Acid–base titrations
(d) the techniques and procedures used when preparing a standard solution of required concentration and carrying out acid–base titrations
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(e) structured and non-structured titration calculations, based on experimental results of familiar and non-familiar acids and bases.
